Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Faculty Member, Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought,
2
PhD in Quran and Hadith Sciences, Professor at Islamic Seminary and University.
Abstract
The independence of the Islamic state has always held great importance in Islamic political thought. Based on jurisprudential principles and rules, the concern for political independence and the aspiration for freedom have permeated the reflections, conduct, and discourse of Muslim scholars and jurists. This article examines the concept of independence in the political thought and conduct of Mirza Mohammad Taqi Shirazi. The hypothesis emphasizes that the idea of independence and the pursuit of autonomy in his political practice lies in jurisprudential principles such as the principles of dignity, the prohibition of leaning toward oppressors, the elevation of Islam, the necessity of confronting oppressors, and the rule of nafy al-sabil (denial of domination). These principles manifested, on the one hand, in his resistance against foreigners, opposition to domination, colonialism, and British influence over Iraq, and on the other hand, in his efforts to achieve Iraq’s independence. This was reflected in his defensive fatwa, which stressed the necessity of demanding the rights of the people through peaceful means, and, if rejected by the British, resorting to military force. To achieve these objectives, he issued further fatwas—such as the impermissibility of appointing non-Muslims to rule over Muslims and the prohibition of cooperating with the British mandate administration. Collectively, these may be referred to as “fatwas of independence,” measures that ultimately curtailed Britain’s grip on this Islamic country. This research is conducted through reference to Shirazi’s thought, writings, fatwas, and political conduct, while considering the context of the texts and his historical era, employing a descriptive-analytical method.
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